[초보 번역영어 문법정리] 부정사(Infinitive) 1

to + 동사원형을 부정사라고 하는데, 3가지 용법이 있다! 

(명사적 용법, 형용사적 용법, 부사적 용법)

 

 

1. 명사적 용법

 

부정사가 명사처럼 주어 / 목적어 / 보어로 쓰임

 

주어

To teach English is very difficult.(문어체) = It is very difficult to teach English.

목적어

He wants to leave here tomorrow.

보어

The most important thing in life is to do our best.

 

 

2. 형용사적 용법

 

부정사가 명사 뒤에서 그 명사를 수식하는 경우

something to eat

He is not a man to say such a thing.

He has no friend to play with.

 

be-to부정사의 용법

1) 예정

They are to meet at six. 

 

2) 의무

You are to do the work.

 

3) 가능

Not a man was to be seen.

 

4) 운명

She was never to return home.

 

5) 의도

If you are to have good friends, you must be good.

 

 

3. 부사적 용법

 

동사, 형용사, 부사를 수식하는 용법

 

1) 목적

He came to see me yesterday.

 

2) 원인(감정의 원인)

I am glad to see you.

She was surprised to hear the news. = She was surprised at the news.

 

3) 이유, 판단의 근거

He must be a fool to say such a thing.

 

4) 결과

Her mother lived to be eighty-five.

 

5) 조건

I would be happy to go with you.

 

6) 형용사를 수식

This river is very dangerous to swim in. = It is very dangerous to swim in this river.

 

7) 부사를 수식

He is not old enough to go to school.